Oil burner



Aug. 10 1926. 1,595,931

M. A. FESLER OIL BURNER Filed May 19. 1924 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 VENTQF? W- a. 7%

. ATTf OR/VEY Aug. 10 1926., 1,595,931

M. A. FESLER A TTORNE Aug. 10 1926.

M. A. FESLER OIL BURNER Filed May 19,

1924 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 /N\/ENTOR." m2. M

ATTORNEY M. A. FESLER Aug. 10 1926.

OIL BURNER 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 19, 1924 h N I INVENTOR mm'h ANN Aug. 10, 1926. 1,595,931

. M. A. FESLER OIL BURNER Filed y 1924 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 46 p ?l 4 6 69 4'0 J5 /N Vf TOR M Q. M BY ATTORNEY M. A. FESLER OIL BURNEIL w gg Aug. 10 1926.

ATTok' /EY Patented Aug. i0 5 W26;

narra e STATES matron a. rnsnnn, or STAMFORD, oonnncrrcur; AssIeuon 'ro rnrnonnum nna'r" rare ar series.

dz POWER COMPANY, 015 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, CORPORATION OF DELAWA RE;

01L BUR-NEE.

Application filed May 19, 1924. Serial No. 714,198. 4

This invention relates to oil burners for burning oil in furnaces,- and the present burner, due to its simplicity of control and quiet operation, is particularly well adapted for use in domestic furnaces, although it may also, be used in large commercial furnaces.

The use of oil as a fuel for furnaces is necessarily accompanied by more or less danger of fire, because oil burners are pro-- vided with mechanism for delivering to them a continuous supply of fuel and if through any cause the fuel is not consumed as it is delivered by the burner, it will accumulate iii or near the furnace in a highly inflammable condition.

it is therefore extremely important that oil burners, and particularly those used in domestic furnaces where they are operated by inexperienced persons, be so constructed that'the fire hazard accompanying their use will be as small as possible.

A very important feature of the present invention, therefore, resides in the'construction by which it is impossible for the present burner to deliver fuel to the furnace in an umgmted condition.

'Many of the oil burners now in use are provided with a pilot light for igniting the fuel as it issues from the oil ldurner, but it sometimes happens that the pilot light becomes extinguished, in which case a large amount of fuel may issue from the burner without being consumed. The present invention'contemplates means for preventing this, and an important feature of the invention resides in means controlled by the pilot and which renders the fuel feedin mechanism inoperative. when the pilot ight is out.

Another feature of the invention resides in a construction by which the supply of fuel adjacent the'burner is maintained at a lower level than the burner so that the fuel .will not flow to the burner by gravity, and

inmeans for utilizing a slight air pressure to feed the fuel to the burner. p

The slight air pressure exerted upon the fuel, in accordance with the present inven-' tion,-serves to feed the fuel to the burner in an umform stream that isfree from ulsations or other variations that would a ect the flame, and the amount of fuel fed to the burner may be readily controlledby operating a valve that regulates the supply of air deliveredto the fuel feeding chamber.

When the present fuel feeding means is used on connection with a burner employing air under pressure to atomize the oil, the

fan which delivers the air to the burner will serve also to supply the air that feeds the oil to the burner. This arrangement has the advantage that fuel will not be delivered to'the burner unless the fan for supplying the atomizing air is operating. The employment of an air blast for atomizing oil has the further advantage'in that it produces very little npise, and the type of fan.

to be described is given a special construction that avoids the humming noise which accompanies the operation of the ordinary fans. a i

In the present construction, as stated,

means is proveded for maintaining the level of the. fuel in the adjacent feed tank at a levelbelow the burner, and another feature "of the present invention resides in mechanism forautomaticallycutting off the supply of'fuel to the burner when for any reason the fuel rises in the feed. tank. to an abnormal height.

This

Another feature of the invention resides 1n an emergency valve and means foroper tanli to drain the fuel from the feed tank and if the associated conduits.

Still another feapure of the invention resides in improvements in the construction of the atomizing mechanism of the burner.

Otherfeatures ofthe invention and novel combination of parts in addition to the above will be. hereinafter described inco'ns nection with the accompanying drawings which illustrate one good practical form thereof.-

1 In the drawings Fig. 1 is a side view of an oil burner {and i associated. parts constructed in accordance with the present invention.

a Fig. 2. is a view of he opposite sideof the burner shown in Fig. 1 with parts in section. 5 .Fig. 3' is a rear view of Fig. 1 with parts v in'section. jj

be described.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on line 77 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 4;;-

Fig. 9 is an enlarged vertical sectional view taken on the line 99 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 10 is a view of the complete burner and main storage tank with parts shown diagrammatically, and with the pump and manifold shown above their proper position.

Fig. 11 is a vertical sectional view through the burner proper and taken at right angles to the plane of the section of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 12 is a vertical sectional view through the fuel pump.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated, the various parts of the burner unit are supported by a base 10 which may be bolted or otherwise-secured to the floor of a building in front of the furnace, in which the burner is to be used. Upon the base 10 is mounted a combined casing for an electric motor 11 and a fan 12, the motor being mounted in the casing 13 while the fan rotates in the casing 14. Below the motor casing 13 is mounted a fuel feed tank or float tank 15, and the lower portion of the fan casing 14 is provided witha tubular casing 16 in which the outer barrel 17 of the burner proper is slidably mounted. At one side of the fan casing 14 is mounted a fuel pump 18 which is also driven by the motor 11.

The lower portion of the fan casing 14 is I provided with an opening 19 through which a air is delivered to the casing 16 and the outer barrel 17 of the burner, a slot 20 being provided in a wall of the barrel through which the air passes into the barrel. The construction of the fan 12 is preferably such that it will be practically free from the humming noise which theaelectrical fans now in use commonly produce. This noise it is found is due largely to the vibration of the fan blades. and in order to reduce this vibratron to a minimum the fan 12 is provided with side walls 21 and 22 which converge towards each other and extend outwardly beyond the curved vanes 23 mounted between the side walls.

This construction serves to restrict somewhat the discharge of air from the outer periphery of the fan and asa result tends to equalize the air pressure upon the opposite faces of the vanes 23. This reduces the electric motor 11 and to this end the central shaft 24 of the motor extends through the fan easing into a gear casing 25 secured by bolts 26 to one face of the fan casing, and the shaft 24 isprovided with a worm 27 which drives a worm gear 28 mounted in the housing 29 of the gear casing. The fuel pump 18 is supported at one side of the casing 29 by a laterally extending bracket 30 and the oil pump is shown as consisting of two co-op'erating gears 31 and 32 enclosed in the pump casing and which operate in a well known manner. The upper gear 31 of the pump is shown as having a laterally extending shaft which has a flattened outer end that extends into a cooperating notch formed in the end of the shaft which supports and is driven by the worm gear 28. Stuffing boxes of the usual construction may be provided about the shaft 33 and about the similar shaft projecting from the gear casing, and the gland nut of one or both of these stuffing boxes may be yieldingly held in place by a spring 34.

The fluid feed tank or float tank 15, which is mounted below the fan casing, is formed air tight and this tank is provided with a removable cover 35 which may be secured in place by an eccentric clamp 36 pivoted to a support at 37. and a strip of suitable packing is preferably provided between the upper edge of the tank and its cover to insure an airtight joint between them. Fuel is delivered to the tank 15 by a pipe 38 leading from the pressure side of the pump 18, and a return pipe 39 is provided for conducting oil from the tank 15 to the pump. Fuel is supplied to the pump by a pipe 40 leading from the main supply tank T, which is usually located at a substantial distance from the furnace and when the pump is driven it draws fuel through the pipe 40 to 'a manifold 41 having a chamber 42 and between this chamber and a port 43..

which leads to the pipe 39, is provided a check valve 44. .The arrangement is such that when the fuel has once been drawn from the tank through the pipe 40 and has passed the check valve 44 it cannot return through this check valve. As the pump 18 continues to operate the height of the fuel in the tank 15 will rise. It is desirable to maintain the level 'of the fuel in this tank at a predetermined height and to this end the manifold 41 which is secured to a side wall of the't-ank 15 is provided with a projecting boss -45 which extends through a wall of the tank, as shown in Fig. 2 and in this boss is formed a port 46 located below the normal level of the oil, and which communicates with the port 43 above mentioned and also with the end of the pipe 39 which is screwed into a socket formed in the manifold. as best shown in Fig. 6. The passage of fuel into the port 46 is controlled by a 55 a port 60 which communicates wi valve 47 operated by a float. 48 having a bent arm 49 pivoted at 50 to lugs formed upon the boss 45, and the lower end of the bent arm 49 is pivotally secured to the valve 47 at 51. The arrangement is such that when the fuel in the tank 15 is below the predetermined level the valve 47 will be held 7 closed by its float 48. This will prevent oil from being drawn from the tank 15 to the pump through the pipe 39 and as a result the suction produced by the pump will draw fuel from the main supply tank T, and the fuel which passes through the pump will be :conducted by the pipe 38 to the float tank. This will cause the fuel to rise .in the float tank and as it reaches the desired level the flbat .48 will be actuated to open the float valve, whereupon fuel will be permitted to pass out of the tank through the port 46 to the pump, and in this manner the float .valve 47 will be opened and closed to maintain the height of the fuel at the desired level within the tank 15,

The float valve( just described serves to maintain the fuel in the tank 15 below the level of the. burner proper so that oil will. not flow by gravity to the burner, but is fed thereto by establishing a slight air pressure within the tank 15 ;as above-stated;

The oil burner, proper consists of a head 52 which is fitted in the rear end of the tubular barrel 17 and this head isprovided Withalaterally extending portion 53 best shown in Fig. Fuel from the tank 15 is delivered, through connections to be described,-to a port 54 formed in the arm 53 of the head and from this port it passes through the passages 55, 56-to a tube 57 disposed cen-' trallywithin the barrel 17 and the oil is conducted by the tube57 to the delivery end of the 'burner, The tube 57 has threaded ien gagement with the head 52, as best shown in Fig. 11.

. The barrel. 17 is mounted slidably within it's tubular support 16 so that the barrel may p he slid rearwardlyto withdraw the dis a -;charge end of the burner from the furnace;

and 1t is important that means he provided for cutting off the supply of fuel to the so burner when the burner iswithdra wn from its normal firing 'position'. To this end a valve casing 58 is provided which is secured .to a wallof the base 10 by bolts 59 (see Fig. 3). Within this valve casing is formed 54 above mentioned and the discharge of fuel through the port 60 is controlled by a valve 61 to the opposite ends of which are rigidlyvsecured a yoke 62', and a clamping bolt 63 is threadedly mounted in anintermediate portion of the yoke. The arrangement is such that'when the yoke is moved to the position shown in Figs. .1 and 4, the

v valve 61 is opened and the clamping bolt 63 maybe tightened against the outer face of the extension 53 to clamp the burner in its firing position and to hold the port 54 in alignment with the port 60 to conduct fuel from the float tank to the bLlI'DBI. When it is desired to Withdraw the burner from the firing position the bolt 63 is rctracted and the yoke is swung to an angle of degrees,v whereupon the valve 61 is closed and danger of fuel escaping through the-=port 60 is avoided. At the outer end of the head 52 is provided a knob 64 which may be grasped when it is desired to move the burner from its firing position; The discharge end of the burner is shown as mounted within a casing 65 which is sup ported from the tubular housing 16 by a bracket 66 which serves to support the casing 65 so that it projects a slight distance into the furnace and the interior of the casing 65 is preferably filled with heat-resistance material 67.

The fuel which passes from the tank 15 to the .burner leaves the tank through a port 68 formed laterally in a plug or sleeve 69 extending upwardly through the base of the tank 15 and the fuel passes from the port 68 through a conduit 70, which is best shown in Fig. 4, to the valve casingu58 and 5 whenthe valve 61 is open the fuel passes through the ports 54, 55, 56 and tube-57 to the discharge end of the5burner.

It is possible that the float valve 47 may I stick'and fail to prevent fuel Within the tank 15 from rising above the predetermined level, and it is therefore desirable to provide additional means to prevent the. burner from becoming flooded in case the fuel should rise to an abnormal height in the tank 15 and to this end in the construction shown a second float 71 is provided in the float cham- 10 her to operate a valve 72 having the form of a hollow sleeve the lower end of'which is adapted to cooperate with and close the bore formed in the upper end of the plug 69. The float 71 has a laterally extending arnrwhich is pivotally secured at 73 to a fixed bracket 74 and the outer end of this arm is pivotally secured at 75 to the valve 7 2. The arrangement is such that as the fuel continues to rise in the tank 15 upon failure of the float 48 to function properly the up-- per float 71 will .be operated to seat the valve 72 upon the upper end'of the plug 69 an thereby prevent oil from entering the bor 76 in this tubewhich conducts oil to the port 68. I

The valve '72 not only serves to shut off the supply of fuel to the burner, but serves also to shut off the supply of air to the tank 15. as will now be described. In order to supplya small amount of air to the float tank :15 for the purpose of feeding fuel to the burner, a valve casing 77 is bolted to one side of the housing 16 (see Figs. 4. and 8) and this casing has a port 78 which tit) &

communicates with a port 79 leading from the interior of the housing 16 and through which some of the air forced into the housing by the rotating fan will enter the port 78. From this port the air passes through an adjustable valve 80 to the chamber 81, in which chamber is formed a cylindrical portion containing a strainer 82 which serves to remove dust from the air and this strainer may readily be removed and cleaned by unscrewing the cap nut 83. After the air has passed through the strainer it is led by a pipe 8 1 (see Figs. 4 and 10) to a vertical tube 85 mounted within the plug 69 and extending upwardly through the base of the tank 15. The upper end of the tube 85 extends upwardly within the cup-shaped valve 72 and the air which reaches the lower end of the tube 85 passes upwardly within this tube and escapes from the upper end thereof into the closed tank 15 through a port 86 formed in a side wall of the cup-shaped valve '72 (seeFig, 9). From the foregoing it will be seen that when the valve 72 is moved downwardly by the upper float 71, it not only shuts ofi the supply of fuel to the burner, but it also shuts off the supply of air to the tank l5 by moving the port 86 downwardly below the upper end of the tube 85.

'From the foregoing description it is clear that should the lower float 48 fail. to open its valve and the upper float .71 be actuated by the rise of fuel, to shut off the supply of fuel to the burner and also to cut off the supply of air to the tank 15, all ports leading from the tank 15 will be closed. Should the oil pump continue to operate at this time, an undue pressure might he'established within the tank 15 due to the accumulation of oil therein. n-To avoid this the oil pump may be provided with a relief valve8'i' (see Fig. 11) which is normally held seated by a spring 88, the tension of which may be adjusted by a threaded bolt 89 and the arrangement is silch that when the oil pressure at the discharge side of the pump becomes excessive, the relief valve 87 will open and permit the oil to flow through the passage 90 in the direction indicated by the arrow, to the suction side of the pump.

Itis necessary to establish an air pres sure within the tank 15 which is only slightly in excess of the normal atmospheric pressure and a relatively small amount of air'is required to feed the fuel to the burner.

The air valve 80 above mentioned is, there-- fore, constructed so that it provides a relatively small air passage and accordingly is shown as consisting of the threaded stem 91 the lower end of which is slahbed ofi' slightly as at 92 to permit the passage of air between the'slabbed" ofi portion and the valve seat.

"Should the upper float valve fail'to operate when an excessive amount of fuel is delivered to the tank 15, the present invention contemplates still further means for preventing the burner from being flooded, and to this end the lower end of the vertical air tube 85 is provided with a vent 93 so that should the sleeve valve 72 fail to close when the fuel in the float tank has reached the level of the upper end of the tube 85, the fuel will enter the tube 85 through the port 86 and escape through the vent 93 at the lower end of this tube into a bucket 94, which bucket is supported by a pivoted arm 95 adapted to operate an emergency valve 96. This vent serves also to relieve the air pressure promptly within the tank 15 when the fan is stopped. The arm 95 is pivoted at 97 to a supporting bracket 98 and this arm is normally held in the position shown in Fig. 2 by a spring '99 one end of which is anchoredto a fixed arm 100 and the other end of the spring is secured to a plug 101 supported by a housing 102 formed integral with and extending laterally from the pivoted portion of. the arm 95. The arrangement is such that the spring normally lies slightly above the pivot 97 and holds the arm 95 in a raised position, but as fuel accumulates in the bucket 94 the weight of the fuel will pull the arm downwardly to move the axis of the spring below the pivot 97. This will serve to open the emergency valve 96. The tension of the spring 99 may be adjusted by a threaded nut engaging the plug 101 andthe normal elevated position of the arm 95 may be adjustedvby adjusting the'threaded bolt 103.

The emergency Valve 96 is operatedby a plunger 104; connected to the operating arm 95 by a link 105 and the plunger 104: is shown as slidably mounted within the tubular valve stem 96, and a spring 106, confined between the inner endof the plunger and the Valve stem, serves to hold the valve properly seated. A flexiblediaphragm 107 which surrounds the valve stem 96 prevents leakage from the valve chamber 108. The diaphragm 107 is shown as secured in place by a threaded cap 107, and the bracket 98 may be supported by this cap and secured in place by a nut 107. When the emergency valve 96 is opened fuel passes from the float tank 15 through the port 109 to the chamber 110 and from this chamber through the valve to'the chamber 108 and then to the pipe 40 leading from the main supply tank. The chamber 108 communicates with the chamber 42 above mentioned and when the emergency valve 96 is open a sufficient amount of fuel is admitted to the chambers 108 and 42 to fully meet the capacity of the pump 18, whereupon the pump will no longer produce a suction within the pipe 40 leading from the main supply tank.

It is contemplated that the tank T be provacuum tank is designated by 111.

" mea er vided with a vacuum tank such as described and claimed in the-M. A. Fesler Patent No. 1,308,005, granted June 24, 1919, and

1s vacuum tank is connected to a downwardly extending portion of the pipe 40 as at 112 and a pipe 113 which is connected to the pipe and extends downwardly well into the tank T is provided with a pressure valve 114 such as is fully described in the patent just mentioned. The arrangement is such that when the oil pump 18 is first started it will produce a suction within the pipe 40 and this will exhaust the air within the tank 111, whereupon the pressure valve 114 will open and fuel will be drawn from the tank T to the pump and this condition continues throughout the ordinary operation of the present oil burner, the check valve 44 being provided to prevent the vacuum with-inthe tank 111 from acting upon the fuel within the tank 15 when'the pump is not operating.

When the emergency valve 96 is opened by accumulation of fuel in the bucket 94, oil flows freely from the tank 15 to the communicating chambers 108 and 42, whereupon-as above stated the oil pump will no longer maintain asuction within the pipe 40. The vacuum produced'within the tank 111 will then serve to suck the oil out of the tank 15 and pipe 40, whereupon danger of tire is prevented. V

it, through any possibility, the various safety devices above described should fail to take care-of any emergency, danger of fire may still. further be prevented by providing a weighted hammer 115 which is pivotally secured to the supporting base at 116 and this hammer is normally held in an elevated position by a fusible linkor the like 117, the arrangement being such that should the oil burner vunit be subjected to anabnormal temperature, the link 117 will give way and allow the hammer 115 to drop and strike a portion carried by the housing 102 of the bucket. supporting arm 95. This will-serve to depress thearm and open the emergency valve 96, whereupon fuel will be drawn from the tank 15 in the manner above described.

In the constructionshown a gas pilot light is provided near the inner end of theburner and to this end a tube 11-8'is mounted within the casing and illuminating gas is' sup-- pied to this tube by a pipe 119 which communicates with a gas supply pipe connected to the lower ortion of the .air valve casing 77. lit is highly important'that fuel be prevented from reaching the burner, when the pilot tlame is extinguished and to this end, in the present case,a blind air pipe 120-is provided extendingfrom the strainer containing" portion of the airLvalve casing 77 to a point near the. outer end of the pilot tube 118. This blind pipe, is provided with. a

vent 121 through which air may escape to relieve the pressure of the air within the float tank 15. The vent 121 is normally closed by a cap held in place by a stri of thermostatic metal 122 which metal is this port, but, when the pilot flame becomes extinguished, the thermostatic strip 122 will become cooled, whereupon it will open the port 121 and permit the air pressure within the tank 15 to drop, so that fuel will not be fed to the burner.

From the foregoing description, when read in connection with the drawings, it will be'seen that the'burner may be placed in and out of operation by simply starting and stopping the electric motor 11, since the supply of both air and fuel to the burner is controlled by this motor. It will be understood that when the motor is started the fan will be operated to deliver air for atomizing purposes to the burner and also to establish sufficient air pressure within the tank 15 to feed fuel to the burner, and the rate at which fuel is supplied to the burner may be accurately regulated by simply adjusting the air valve 80. As the atomized fuel issues from the burner, it will be ignited by the pilot and-if, for any reason, the pilot flame should be out, sufficient air pressure will not be established within the tank l5 to feed oil to the burner. I g p The burner proper as illustrated contains various novel features which will now be described. The central tube 57 which su plies oil to the burner is held centrally wit 1n the outer tubular barrel 17 by a s ider 124. The outer endof the tube 57 is c osed by a threaded plug 125 and upon the outer end of this tube is mounted a stationary deflector or mushroo 126 having a. tu ular portion 127 which embraces the tube 57 and which is provided with a downwardly extending nipple 128 which communicates nipple 128 into a cup 130 which is rotatably mounted upon the tube 57. The cup in the construction shown is secured to a beara in tube 131, in which are mounted spaced an irfriction bearings 132 and 133 and thesehearings are retained in\ spaced relation by a FIN-,8

sleeve 134 that, embraces the tube 57. rear end of the bearin tube 131 is the cup 130 rotates at a high speed and its;

rovidedwith av turbine 135 w ich is rotate by the air traveling within the barrel 17 towards walls flare outwardly slightly, the oil is discharged from the cup with a substantial amount of centrifugal force and is thrown against the wall of air issuing through the space provided between the flaring outer edge of the cup and the end of the outer nozzle 136. As the oil is thrown outwardly by the cup 130 a vacuum tends to be created in this cup. This is undesirable and may be prevented by providing one or more ports 137 near the rear end of the cup through which air may pass into the cup. It is desirable to deflect the air that enters through the ports 137 away from the walls of the cup so that this air will not disturb the oil therein, and to this end anannular deflector 138 is provided within the cup which serves to deflect the air inwardly towards the axis of the cup.

It is necessary to supply the bearings 132 and 133 with a lubricant and to this end a tube 139 is mounted within the barrel 117 and its rear end communicates with an oil cup 1 10 through a port 14.1, while the for- Ward end of the tube 139 communicates with a port 142 leading to the bearing 133. When it is desired to re-movethe' rotating parts of the burner just described, this may be easily done by removing the threaded plug 125, whereupon the stationary deflecu tor 126 may be stripped ofl of the tube 57, and the cup 130, bearing tube 131 and bearings mounted therein may be removed as a unit. A' coiled spring 143 is preferably pro- -\below the burner,

vided between the anti-friction bearing 132 and the inner end of the tubular portion 127 of. the deflector, which spring serves to hold the anti-friction bearings in their proper position lengthwise of the tube 57.

What is claimed is 1.In a device of the class described, .in combination, a burner, a fan for supplying atomizing air to the burner, a closed oil tank, a pump for forcing oil to said tank, a motor for driving the fan and pump, means for maintaining the level of the oil in the tank a conduit for conducting oil from the tank to the burner, valve controlled means 'for delivering air from the fan to the tank to feed fuel to the burner and for regulating the rate of feed by varying the air pressure in the tank, a pilot light for the burner, and means controlled by the pilot to relieve the air pressure in said tank andtherebv stop the supply of oil to the burner when the pilot is out, including apiece'of thermostatic metal and a bleed valve having aclosure directly secured to said metal so that its movement caused byexpansion and contraction is directly imparted to the closure to move it to and from the closed position.

to the burner, means for delivering air under pressure to the tank to force oil to the burner, a valve for checking the flow of air to said tank, a second valve for checking the flow of oil from the tank to the burner, a float for operating both of said valves, an overflow conduit, and an emergency valve adapted to be actuated by oil escaping through the overflow conduit when the float fails to operate its valves.

3. An oil burner unit, comprising in combination, an oil tank, a burner having a conduit for conducting oil from the tank to the burner, means for delivering air under pressure to the tank to force oil to the burner, including an oil overflow pipe through which air is admitted, a float actuated valve for checking the flow of air into the tank and constructed to admit oil to the overflow pipe upon failure of the float valve to close.

4. An oil burner unit, comprising in combination, an oil tank, a burner connected to said tank, a conduit leading from a source of fuel supply to the tank, a vacuum tank at the source of fuel supply for exerting a suction force upon the oil in said conduit, a pump connected to said conduit for delivering oil to the oil tank in opposition to the suction of the vacuum tank, a conduit for conducting excess oil from the tank to the suction side bf the pump to thereby avoid returning the excess oil to said source of fuel supply, a port leading from the oil tank to the first mentioned conduit and by-passing the pump, and an emergency valve for controlling said port and which when opened permits the vacuum tank to drain oil from the oil tank back to the source of fuel supply through the first-mentionedconduit.

5. An oil burner unit, comprising in com binati'on, an oil tank, a burner connected to said tank, a conduit leading from a source of fuel supply to the tank, a vacuum tank connected to said conduit to exert a suction force upon the oil in said conduit, a pump connected to the conduit for delivering oil tothe oil tank in opposition to the suction of the vacuum tank, a port leading from the oil tank to the conduit, and an emergency valve controlling said port and which when openedadmits oil to the conduit in excess of the capacity of the pump to permit the Va. um tank to drain and conduit.-

6. An oil burner unit, comprising in com bination, an oil tank, a burner connected to said tank, a conduit leading from a source of fuel supply tothe tank, a vacuum tank at the source of fuel supply for exerting a suction force upon the oil in said conduit, a pump connected to said conduit for delivering oil to the oil tank in opposition to the suction of the vacuum tank, a conduit for conducting excess oil from the tank to the oil from the oil tank 1 suction side of the pump to thereby avoid returning the excess oil to said source of fuel supply, a port leading from the -oil tank to the first-mentioned conduit and for bypassing the pump, and an emergency valve for'controlling-said port and which when open admits oil to theconduit to relieve the suction of the pump and permits the vacuum tank to drain oil from the tank and. conduit.

7. In a fuel feeding system, a fuel tank, a conduit leading from a source of fuel supply to the tank, a vacuum tank connected to said conduit to exert a suction force upon the fuel in the conduit, a pump connected.

to the conduit for delivering oil to the fuel tank in opposition to the suction of the vacuum tank, and .an emergency valve which when opened admits fuel to the co duit from the fuel tank to relieve the suction of the "pump and permit the vacuum tank to drain oil from the tank and conduit.

8. lfn a fuel feeding system, a fuel tank, a conduit leading from a source of fuel supply to the tank, a vacuum tank connected to said conduit to exert a suction force upon the fuel in the conduit, a pump connected to. the conduit for. delivering oil to .the fuel tank in opposition to the suction of the vacuum tank, means for controlling the height of fuel in the fuel tank, and an emergency valve operable upon an excess amount of fuel reaching said tank and which admits fuel to the conduit from the fuel tank to relieve the suction of the pump and thereby permits thekyacuum tank to drain fuel-from the fuel tan s 9. An oilburner unit, comprising in combination, a closed oil tank, a burner having a conduit connecting it with the tank, a pilot for lighting the burner, means for supplying oil to the tank, means for establishing an air pressure in the tank sufficient to force oil to the burner, a closed air con -duit leadi (r from said tank to a position near the pilot and having a bleed aperture adjacent the pilot, a piece of thermostatic material mounted in position to be heated by the pilot, and a closure for said aperture secured directly to said material so that it is held by the expanded material in the aperture-closing position as long as the pilot is lighted and is moved when the pilot goes out to relieve the air pressure in the tank and stop the supply of oil to the burner.

10. An oil burner unit, comprising in com- 'bination, aclosed oil tank, a burner having.

a conduit connecting it with 'the tank, a pilot for lighting the burner, means-for sup plying oil to the tank, means-forestabllshin 'a-n airpressure in the tank sufliclent to force oil to the burner, adoleed valve forrelieving the air pressure in the tank "togcut off the supply of oil to the burner comprising an aperture and'a closure therefor, and a piece for delivering fuel to the tank, means for controlling the level of the fuel in the tank, an overflow outlet through which fuel may escape from the tank upon failure ,of the control means to function, ,an emergency valve for the escape of liquid from the tank and having an operating lever, and a receptacle supported by the lever below said overflow whereby the emergency valve'is opened by fuel'overllowing into said receptacle.

' .12. In combination with a burner, a fuel tank for supplying fuel to the burner, means for deliverin fuel to the tank, means fo controlling th level ofthe fuel in the tank, an overflow outlet through which fuel may escape from the tank upon failure of the and a fusible suport for said hammer adapted to release t e hammer when the tank is subjected to an abnormal temperature.

13. lfn combination with a burner, afuel tank for supplying fuel to the burner, means for delivering fuel to the tank, means for regulating the level ofthe fuel in the ,tank,

atrip emer ncy valve for the escape of liquid from t e tank upon failure of the control means to function, a hammer supported so that it will fall when released into position to tr p and open the emergency valve, and i a fusible support for the hammer adapted to release the hammer when the-tank is subected to an abnormal" temperature.

14. In a fuel feeding system, a fuel tank I for supplying fuel to the burner a conduit leading from a source of fuel supply to the tank, a port leading from said-tank, an emer- 'gency trip valve that normally closes the port, a vacuum tank-remote to the fuel tank and connected to said port and means operable upon an excessive amount of fuelrjbei'ng delivered to the fuel tank to openplie" emergency valve and permit the vacuum tank to drain fuel from the ft el tank.- L i 15. In a fuel feeding system, a closed fuel tank, a conduit leading from the tank to the burner, a pump for delivering fuel to the tank, a float-valve for regulating the height of the fuel in the tank, an emergenc float valve for cutting off the supply'of filel to the burner when the first float valve fails to function, and a relief valve for relieving the pressure of the fuel in the tank when both of said valves are closedand the pump continues to operate.

16. An oil burner unit, comprising in combination, a. closed oil tank, a burner havstat mechanically connected to said closure to move it to and from the active position and constructed to open sa d aperture Wlllfll the pilot is out thereby to relieve the pressu e in said tank and arrest the flow of oil to the burner.

17. In a fuel feeding system, a fuel tank for supplying fuel to the burner, a conduit leading from a source of fuel supply to the tank, an emergency trip valve leading from said tank, a vacuum tank remote from the fuel tank and connected to the trip valve, means operable upon an excessive amount of fuel being delivered to the fuel tank to open the emergency valve and permit the vacuum tank to drain fuel from the fuel tank, a hammer mounted independent of said valve operating means and adapted when released to trip and open said valve, and a fusible support for the hammer adapted to release it when the fuel tank is subjected to an abnormal temperature,

18. An oil burner unit comprising in combination, a closed oil tank, a burner having a conduit connecting it with the tank, means for supplying oil tothe tank, means for forcing air into the tank to feed oil to the burner, an overflow conduit leading from said tank, and vahe means having an operating float and constructed to be moved by the float into a position in which it simultaneously shuts off the supply of fuel to the burner, stops the flow of air into the tank and excludes fuel from said overflow conduit.

Intestimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

MILTQN A. FESLER. 

